This article examines the recyclability of glass bottles, highlighting their theoretical infinite recyclability against real-world barriers like contamination, collection gaps, and microplastic pollution from caps. Innovations in sorting technology (e.g., optical color separation), policy interventions (e.g., India’s deposit schemes), and lightweight designs (e.g., Portugal’s 260g bottle) are advancing circularity. Despite challenges—including higher production emissions versus plastic—industry initiatives like Moutai’s closed-loop recycling demonstrate glass’s potential when supported by infrastructure and consumer engagement.
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